Analysis of Probability and Statistics Topics in Mathematics Textbooks (Singapore, Japan, USA, Russia)
Abstract
Teaching the subject of mathematics has always been considered relevant in every era. Mastering this subject well not only affects students' knowledge but also has a significant impact on indicators that determine their future. Especially, the knowledge related to the sections of Probability Theory and Statistics in mathematics is being used in many fields. For example, constructing models of research conducted in all disciplines, evaluating them, showing their validity, and making forecasts all require knowledge from this subject. In addition, Probability Theory and Statistics help develop logical reasoning, gain profits in business through risk-taking, and choose the option with the highest probability among different life choices. For instance, the world's major investors rely on probability and statistical data when investing in a field, country, or entrepreneur that promises good returns. This article analyzes the teaching of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics sections in general education school textbooks through the experiences of foreign countries (Singapore, Japan, USA, Russia). That is, according to the curriculum, the topics of Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics are given in mathematics textbooks for grades 7–11, and the composition, sequencing, and interconnection with previous and subsequent topics are explained. The diversity and real-life relevance of the problems presented in textbooks are also discussed.
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